Flexible Grouping for Enhanced Energy Utilization Efficiency in Battery Energy Storage Systems

Weiping Diao 1,2, Jiuchun Jiang 1,2, Hui Liang 1,2, Caiping Zhang 1,2,*, Yan Jiang 1,2, Leyi Wang 3 and Biqiang Mu 4 1 National Active Distribution Network Technology Research Center (NANTEC), Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; [email protected] (W.D.); [email protected] (J.J.); [email protected] (H.L.); [email protected] (Y.J.) 2 Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China 3 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; [email protected] 4 The Key Laboratory of Systems and Control of CAS, Institute of Systems Science, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-135-8171-1177